Diffuse sources, and industry sources included in diffuse emissions data Most hydrogen sulfide releases are to the air.
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Potential large emitters of hydrogen sulfide are electric power plants (burning coal or fuel oil containing sulfur), oil and gas extraction operations, oil refineries, pulp and paper mills, sewage treatment plants, large pig farms and other confined animal feeding operations, Portland cement kilns, municipal waste landfills, coke ovens, sulfur products and hydrogen sulfide production, asphalt production and storage and geothermal power plants. Maximum of 0.05 milligrams per litre of water for aesthetic considerations.The Australian Drinking Water Guidelines include the following guidelines for acceptable water quality:
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Make sure you understand how to interpret the standards before you use them. These standards are only appropriate for use in workplaces and are not limited to any specific industry or operation. Maximum short term exposure limit (STEL): 15 parts per million (21 mg/m 3).Maximum eight hour time weighted average (TWA): 10 parts per million (14 mg/m 3).Safe Work Australia sets the workplace exposure standard for hydrogen sulfide through the workplace exposure standards for airborne contaminants: Consumers can be exposed to hydrogen sulfide by exposure to air from production and processing facilities that use or produce hydrogen sulfide such as mining operations, chemical processing facilities, oil and gas extraction operations, electric power plants, pulp and paper mills, and other producers of to hydrogen sulfide. Workers in the industries that use or produce hydrogen sulfide are most at risk of exposure. This is most common for people who work in areas of higher exposure or near to facilities where hydrogen sulfide are used or produced. Hydrogen sulfide can enter the body when a person breathes air containing hydrogen sulfide. Repeated exposures may cause headaches, anorexia, insomnia, paralysis, meningitis, psychic troubles, slowed heart rate, bronchitis and a grey-green line on the gums.
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Following an exposure there may be headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Lower concentrations may irritate the eyes, nose and throat (5 to 50 parts per million). Concentrations of 100 to 200 parts per million for one to eight hours may cause sleeplessness, blurred vision, haemorrhage and death. What one company is doing to reduce emissionsĬollapse, coma and death from respiratory failure may come within a few seconds after one or two inspirations, at high levels (concentrations of 1000 to 2000 parts per million).Substance definitions - frequently asked questions.Calculating emissions - frequently asked questions.
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The information in this MRL serves as a screening tool to help public health professionals decide where to look more closely to evaluate possible risk of adverse health effects from human exposure. Minimal Risk Levels (MRL) - The MRL is an estimate of the daily human exposure to a hazardous substance that is likely to be without appreciable risk of adverse, non-cancer health effects over a specified duration of exposure. Priority List of Hazardous Substances - Prioritization of substances based on a combination of their frequency, toxicity, and potential for human exposure at National Priorities List (NPL) sites.
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ToxGuide : Hydrogen Sulfide pdf icon - Fact sheet that answers the most frequently asked questions about a contaminant and its health effects. ToxGuide : Carbonyl Sulfide pdf icon - Quick reference guide providing information such as chemical and physical properties, sources of exposure, routes of exposure, minimal risk levels, children's health, and health effects for a substance. Toxicological Profile - Succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for a hazardous substance.